GIAC Foundational Cybersecurity Technologies Practice Test

What does a file inclusion attack result from?

1. Exposure of system files to users

2. Unauthorized access to restricted files

3. Adding resources to a page based on user input

4. Exploiting file transfer protocols

The correct answer is: Adding resources to a page based on user input

A file inclusion attack occurs when a website allows users to include files on a server through the input they provide, typically via a web application. This type of attack takes advantage of the web server's ability to process user input intended to reference local files. When users can input file names or paths, an attacker can manipulate these inputs to include unauthorized files or execute scripts on the server. This can lead to various vulnerabilities, such as executing malicious code, exposing sensitive information, or gaining unauthorized access to the system. The nature of this attack makes option C the most accurate choice, as it directly relates to how the inclusion of resources based on user input can lead to exploitation. The other options focus on different aspects of security vulnerabilities but do not capture the essence of what a file inclusion attack specifically entails. Thus, option C correctly identifies the mechanism through which file inclusion attacks occur, highlighting the critical role of user input in enabling such vulnerabilities.